Viability and dissemination of Pantoea ananatis, etiological agent of Maize White Spot disease
Abstract
Maize white spot (MWS) is a disease widely spread in maize production regions in Brazil and causes serious economic damages to the culture. Little is known about the dissemination, growth and development conditions of the MWS causal agent, the bacterium Pantoea ananatis. The objective of this work was to determine the viability of this bacterium, as well as its distribution in the plant. P. ananatis after isolated was stored in both, Nutrient Broth (NB) medium and in mineral oil. For the viability tests, the cultures stored in NB were maintained at 12ºC and �??6ºC and the cultures stored in mineral oil were maintained at room temperature. The isolate remained viable for seven months in NB medium at the two temperatures assessed, and four months when stored in mineral oil. The presence of the P. ananatis bacteria was analyzed in, 1) soil samples collected close to rhizosphere, 2) in seeds from plants severely attacked by MWS, 3) foliar segments of healthy plants and 4) the stem of healthy plants. P. ananatis was found surviving epiphytically on the leaf surface and its population increased with plant age, air relative humidity, and decreasing of temperature. This agent was not found neither rhizosphere nor in seeds, but it was isolated in low quantity in maize stem. P. ananatis resides epiphytically on leaves and, due to several factors, may trigger injuries to its host. All epiphytic isolates were characterized in regards to ice nucleation activity, a characteristic of this pathogen.Downloads
References
Azad HR, Holmes GJ and Cooksey DA (2000) A new leaf blotch disease of sudangrass caused by Pantoea ananas and Pantoea stewartii. Plant Disease 84: 973-979.
Bomfeti CA, Souza-Paccola EA, Massola Jr NS, Marriel IE, Meirelles WF, Casela CR and Paccola-Meirelles LD (2008) Localization of Pantoea ananatis inside lesions of maize White Spot Disease using transmission electron microscopy and molecular techniques. Tropical Plant Pathology 33: 1-6.
Coutinho TA and Venter SN (2009) Pantoea ananatis: an unconventional plant pathogen. Molecular Plant Pathology 10: 325-335.
Balmer E and Pereira OAP (1987) Doenças do milho. In: Paterniani E and Viegas GP (eds) Melhoramento e Produção do milho. 2. ed. Fundação Cargil, Campinas, p. 595-634.
Costa RV, Casela CR and Cota LV (2009) Doenças. In: Cruz JC (ed.) Cultivo do milho. 5. ed. Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Sete Lagoas.
Costa RV, Cota LV, Silva DD and Lanza FE (2011) Recomendações para o controle químico da mancha branca do milho. Circular Técnica da Embrapa 167: 1-6.
De Maayer P, Chan WY, Rubagotti E, Venter SN, Toth IK, Birch PR and Coutinho TA (2014) Analysis of the Pantoea ananatis pan-genome reveals factors underlying its ability to colonize and interact with plant, insect and vertebrate hosts. BMC Genomics 15:404.
Fernandes FT and Oliveira E (1997) Principais doenças na cultura do milho. Circular Técnica da Embrapa 26: 7-8.
Figueiredo JEF and Paccola-Meirelles LD (2012) Simple, rapid and accurate PCR-Based detection of Pantoea ananatis in maize, sorghum and Digitaria sp. Journal of Plant Pathology 94: 663-667.
Gonçalves RM, Figueiredo JEF, Pedro ES, Meirelles WF, Leite Junior RP, Sauer AV and Paccola-Meirelles LD (2013) Etiology of phaeosphaeria leaf spot disease of maize. Journal of Plant Pathology 95: 559-569.
Goszczynska T, Moloto VM, Venter SN and Coutinho TA (2006a) Isolation and identification of Pantoea ananatis from onion seed in South Africa. Seed Science Technology 34: 655-668.
Goszczynska T, Venter SN and Coutinho TA (2006b) PA 20, a semi-selective medium for isolation and enumeration of Pantoea ananatis. Journal of Microbiological Methods 64: 225-231.
Kado CI and Heskett MG (1970) Selective media for isolation of Agrobacterium, Corynebacterium, Erwinia, Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas. Phytopathology 60: 969-976.
Lana UGP, Gomes EA, Silva DD, Costa RV, Cota LV, Parreira DF, Souza IRP and Guimarães CT (2012) Detection and molecular diversity of Pantoea ananatis associated with white spot disease in maize, sorghum and crabgrass in Brazil. Journal Phytopathology 160: 441-448.
Lindow SE, Arny DC and Upper CD (1977) Erwinia herbicola ice nucleus active in increasing frost injury to corn. Phytopathology 68: 523-527.
Lindow SE and Andersen GL (1996) Influence of immigration on epiphytic bacterial populations on navel orange leaves. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62: 2978-2987.
Lindow SE, Hirano SS, Barchet WR, Arny DC and Upper CD (1982) Relationship between ice nucleation frequency of bacteria and frost injury. Plant Physiology 70:1090-1093.
Maki LR, Galyan EL, Chiwn MC and Caldwell DR (1974) Ice nucleation induced by Pseudomonas syringae. Applied Microbiology 28: 456-459.
Mamede MC, Tebaldi ND, Mota LCBM, Martins OM and Coelho L (2018) Detection of Pantoea ananatis in corn seeds on semi-selective medium. Tropical Plant Pathology https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-017-0203-z. Accessed 22 February 2018.
Paccola-Meirelles LD, Ferreira AS, Meirelles WF, Marriel IE and Casela CR (2001) Detection of a bacterium associated with a leaf spot disease of maize in Brazil. Journal of Phytopathology 149: 275-279.
Paccola-Meirelles LD, Marriel IE, Meirelles WF, Casela CR and Ferreira AS (2004) Reações sorológicas evidenciando a presença de bactéria no interior das lesões da mancha foliar de phaeosphaeria em milho. In: Proceedings 37th Congresso Brasileiro de Fitopatologia, Gramado, v. 29, p. 246.
Rijavec T, Lapanje A, Dermastia M and Rupnik M (2007) Isolation of bacterial endophytes from germinated maize kernels. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53:802-808.
Sachs PJD, Neves CCSVJ, Canteri MG and Sachs LG (2011) Escala diagramática para avaliação da severidade da mancha branca em milho. Summa Phytopathologica 37:202-204.
Sauer AV, Rocha KR, Pedro ES, Meirelles WF and Paccola-Meirelles LD (2014) Ice nucleation activity in Pantoea ananatis obtained from maize white spot lesions. Semina Ciências Agrárias 35: 1659-1666.
Sauer AV, Rocha KR, Gonçalves RM, Meirelles WF, Figueiredo JEF, Marriel IE and Paccola-Meirelles LD (2015) Survival of Pantoea ananatis, causal agent of maize white spot disease in crop debris. Agronomy Science and Biotecnology 1: 21-24.
Sola MC, Oliveira AP, Feistel JC and Rezende CSM (2012) Manutenção de microrganismos: conservação e viabilidade. Enciclopédia Biosfera 8: 1398-1418.
Turner MA, Arellano F and Kozloff LM (1991) Components of ice nucleation structures of bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology 173: 6515-6527.
doi.org/10.33158/ASB